Photography as a means to create social awareness

Transcripción

1. 0:08 Facebook was receiving every day more than 350 million images on its platform.
2. 0:16 350 million. That's more images than you would be able to see in your entire life.
3. 0:20 So we live in a world which is totally massive images production,
4. 0:26 not massive production but also massive consumption of images.
5. 0:29 Everybody can make photos now using their cell phones
6. 0:33 and I'm sure here in this room everybody has a smartphone with a camera on it,
7. 0:38 so it's becoming very easy.
8. 0:39 So in that jungle of images, as a photographer, I'm asking myself,
9. 0:44 what makes an image unique?
10. 0:47 An image that can finally trigger enough emotion to make you behave
11. 0:52 and change the way you are in the world and why not change the world itself.
12. 0:57 So this small diagram shows a bit what it's going to tell you today.
13. 1:01 For me as a photographer,
14. 1:03 the emotion part is fundamental.
15. 1:05 That's what is going to sparkle enough a reaction in you
16. 1:09 to want to do other things and to move forward.
17. 1:12 But in this world where so many images are on, it's not enough.
18. 1:16 There is a need for awareness and empowerment.
19. 1:21 So these images and the emotion it procures
20. 1:25 can vary from people to people.
21. 1:27 This is a traditional dancers, scissors dancers here in Lima City.
22. 1:31 So it will be appealing for some people.
23. 1:33 Others will be more interested by immersive feeling
24. 1:37 and weird camera angles.
25. 1:39 See this photo in Shanghai of this guy smoking through an aquarium.
26. 1:44 As a documentary photographer,
27. 1:46 we always look for an image that can encapsulate the whole story.
28. 1:50 For instance, here we are nearby Chavin,
29. 1:53 in Ancash region in Peru,
30. 1:55 and this is a grave filled up with a coil of minerals
31. 2:00 in an illegal grave.
32. 2:05 And portraits and conversations are for me very important
33. 2:08 to trigger the emotions
34. 2:10 and to in fact create a bridge between different worlds.
35. 2:14 The empathy feeling is something you will see very often
36. 2:18 trying to connect with the people.
37. 2:21 Here we are in Papua New Guinea
38. 2:23 and this kid is actually witnessing his island
39. 2:28 that is getting shrinker and shrinker
40. 2:30 because of climate change and sea level rising.
41. 2:33 All these photos,
42. 2:34 which is pure power,
43. 2:35 took recently in one of the Takanakwe Andean fighting
44. 2:39 in the high mountains of Chumbivilca.
45. 2:42 So all those emotions are the spark
46. 2:45 which is necessary to engage people.
47. 2:48 But I've learned in my work as a photographer
48. 2:51 that it's not enough,
49. 2:52 especially today where there are so many pictures around.
50. 2:54 So there is a sense of awareness.
51. 2:56 And to command that,
52. 2:58 I would like to spend a few moments on these pictures.
53. 3:01 This is Florencio Chiliwanyi Kondori.
54. 3:04 He lives nearby the Osangate Mountains
55. 3:06 in the province of Cusco.
56. 3:09 I was doing there a documentary
57. 3:10 of how people were living in high mountains,
58. 3:14 way of life, daily life and customs.
59. 3:17 And I was struck by this man
60. 3:19 because he was really representing
61. 3:20 the model of Quechua,
62. 3:23 native people in his look,
63. 3:25 in his behaving and way of life here
64. 3:28 and what he's dressing.
65. 3:29 But when we were talking together,
66. 3:31 I was really shocked.
67. 3:34 He was keep on saying to me,
68. 3:36 I don't believe in the Apu anymore.
69. 3:39 The Apu, they are the gods of the mountain,
70. 3:42 the tradition of Quechua.
71. 3:44 I don't want to talk into communities meeting anymore.
72. 3:46 I don't want to chew coca anymore.
73. 3:48 Why?
74. 3:49 I asked him why.
75. 3:50 Because the Bible told me not to do so.
76. 3:52 In fact, in his own community,
77. 3:54 there was 300 people
78. 3:56 and more than five different religious church were there.
79. 4:00 So that's one explanation.
80. 4:01 So this encounter really strike me.
81. 4:03 His piercing look was generating an action
82. 4:08 and an emotion to me
83. 4:09 that actually changed my project
84. 4:12 and what I was doing over there.
85. 4:14 I realized that all this cultural tradition,
86. 4:17 all these important values
87. 4:19 were getting lost for many reasons.
88. 4:21 One reason, economical reasons,
89. 4:24 development reasons.
90. 4:25 But this was an Apu's example.
91. 4:27 And that's why also in this portrait,
92. 4:29 he's got one side in white and one side in black.
93. 4:32 It's kind of contrast way
94. 4:34 by the way he was dressing totally traditional
95. 4:38 and his mindset was totally switched.
96. 4:41 So it's changed my way of seeing things in this project
97. 4:45 and I started to look,
98. 4:46 okay, I'm a photographer.
99. 4:47 How can I actually contribute
100. 4:50 to value those samples of cultures
101. 4:54 and put it more into the new generation's spirit?
102. 4:59 And I met this woman
103. 5:02 Simona, amazing woman.
104. 5:04 Let's hear.
105. 5:05 Her singing is beautiful.
106. 5:06 Her singing was so nice.
107. 5:39 I still remember to feel the shiver into my skin.
108. 5:43 And then she generated this huge smile.
109. 5:46 So the contrast between a sad love song
110. 5:50 and her smile really touched me.
111. 5:52 So that's a kind of example
112. 5:53 that I wanted to recreate
113. 5:57 in the exhibition I've been doing afterwards.
114. 5:59 And that's where the awareness feeling
115. 6:02 is very important.
116. 6:03 This is Nazario Turpo,
117. 6:05 one of the last shamans here in Osongate.
118. 6:08 He died recently.
119. 6:09 And he was telling a nice story
120. 6:11 of how the Apu changed themselves
121. 6:15 into a huge white horse
122. 6:17 to push the invading Spanish people
123. 6:22 into a lake here.
124. 6:23 And when I left him,
125. 6:24 I saw this in the sky
126. 6:26 like a sign of the Apu.
127. 6:28 So then, yeah,
128. 6:29 it's become all this way of,
129. 6:31 how can I do it?
130. 6:32 I'm going to put together
131. 6:33 a different multimedia exhibition
132. 6:34 which is trying to recreate
133. 6:36 all those conversations,
134. 6:38 all those encounters
135. 6:39 that I had witnessed and felt
136. 6:41 in my own heart.
137. 6:44 It's been spread in different countries
138. 6:46 and different languages.
139. 6:47 It took the shape of
140. 6:49 some time,
141. 6:51 a high-end exhibition
142. 6:52 going to UNESCO head office,
143. 6:54 for instance,
144. 6:55 just to spread this Quechua knowledge
145. 6:58 into a wider scheme.
146. 6:59 Or sometimes,
147. 7:01 also in the communities themselves,
148. 7:03 to empower the people
149. 7:04 where they are living,
150. 7:06 be proud of their culture.
151. 7:07 When I could,
152. 7:08 I come back to the community
153. 7:09 to give them back their photos.
154. 7:11 And it's a very good gesture
155. 7:13 of respect and of understanding.
156. 7:15 In fact, many times
157. 7:16 I came back with photos,
158. 7:17 you see some new doors opening
159. 7:19 and say,
160. 7:19 OK, I want to tell a story too.
161. 7:21 And then you move on on that.
162. 7:22 So now you have new tools
163. 7:24 where you can generate a photo
164. 7:25 right away.
165. 7:26 It's quite practical.
166. 7:27 This is a photo in Papua New Guinea
167. 7:28 on the right.
168. 7:30 So this awareness feeling
169. 7:32 to create this massive
170. 7:34 multimedia exhibition
171. 7:35 is an important step,
172. 7:36 but it wasn't enough
173. 7:37 to generate action.
174. 7:39 There is another layer of that,
175. 7:42 and that's why in 2005
176. 7:45 I co-founded the NGO
177. 7:47 Living Cultural Storybases,
178. 7:48 which is basically doing
179. 7:51 many workshops of photos,
180. 7:54 videos and sound recordings
181. 7:57 to teach the young kids
182. 7:58 in the community
183. 7:59 to record the stories,
184. 8:01 traditional stories
185. 8:01 of their communities
186. 8:03 and their elders.
187. 8:04 This is to build
188. 8:05 digital multimedia databases
189. 8:08 for them to use afterwards.
190. 8:10 In fact, I would be very happy
191. 8:11 if maybe in the future
192. 8:13 we change one hour of mathematics
193. 8:15 in the classroom,
194. 8:16 but we put one hour
195. 8:17 of those stories generated
196. 8:19 by the kids.
197. 8:19 This would be fantastic.
198. 8:21 And so doing so,
199. 8:24 they were reprocessing their story,
200. 8:27 relearning it,
201. 8:28 learning their story
202. 8:29 and their visual experience,
203. 8:31 doing small multimedia exhibits
204. 8:34 within the communities themselves,
205. 8:35 so feeling proud of that
206. 8:37 to spread it around.
207. 8:38 But also we were so happy
208. 8:40 to realize that the Cusco Museum,
209. 8:44 the Inka Museum,
210. 8:45 invited all the kids
211. 8:47 to show their production
212. 8:48 and their work.
213. 8:49 So you can imagine
214. 8:50 how this visual experience
215. 8:52 can generate proudness
216. 8:55 for those new generations of kids
217. 8:57 who used not to listen
218. 8:58 to the story of their grandparents.
219. 9:01 And now,
220. 9:02 because of this kind of actions
221. 9:05 and visual experiments,
222. 9:07 they will actually embrace it.
223. 9:09 The project has been quite intense.
224. 9:11 More than 20 communities
225. 9:13 over there participate
226. 9:14 nearby Apulimac,
227. 9:15 and 80 storytellers participate.
228. 9:18 300 stories were for the databases
229. 9:21 and really numerous exhibitions.
230. 9:25 Now I want to show you
231. 9:26 another example,
232. 9:27 which is now not dealing with culture,
233. 9:30 but dealing with environmental issues,
234. 9:34 climate change.
235. 9:35 I want to introduce you
236. 9:36 to Charlie Sweeney.
237. 9:38 We are here in the north
238. 9:39 of the Arctic Circle Polar,
239. 9:41 in a place called Arctic Village.
240. 9:43 We are right in the middle
241. 9:45 of the Gwich'in territory.
242. 9:46 The Gwich'in are also the people
243. 9:48 called the Caribou people,
244. 9:50 because they feed essentially on Caribou.
245. 9:52 75% of the diet is Caribou.
246. 9:55 And they're facing
247. 9:56 huge problems
248. 9:57 because of climate change,
249. 9:58 and the permafrost
250. 10:00 where they're living is melting.
251. 10:02 So the Caribou are changing routes,
252. 10:05 otherwise they die
253. 10:06 if they're going into this new territory,
254. 10:09 which is too smooth.
255. 10:10 They go down, they drown.
256. 10:11 This has terrible consequences
257. 10:12 for the local population
258. 10:14 of the Gwich'in.
259. 10:15 They have scarcity of food
260. 10:17 and all those remaining problems.
261. 10:21 How are they going to eat in the future
262. 10:22 if the climate change
263. 10:23 is changing their habitats?
264. 10:25 This is just one story
265. 10:27 of a massive project
266. 10:29 called Conversation with the Earth,
267. 10:31 Indigenous Voices on Climate Change.
268. 10:33 You can see here on this board
269. 10:34 a couple of workers
270. 10:35 that have been doing internationally
271. 10:37 to support that.
272. 10:39 The objective here,
273. 10:40 teaming up with the NGO Land is Life,
274. 10:43 an NGO based in New York
275. 10:45 and working with indigenous rights,
276. 10:47 and also UK company,
277. 10:49 InsideShare,
278. 10:50 a specialist in participatory video.
279. 10:53 The objective of this
280. 10:54 was to amplify indigenous voices
281. 10:56 on climate change.
282. 10:57 They are the first to be affected
283. 11:01 by climate change
284. 11:01 and yet, paradoxically,
285. 11:03 they have contributed nothing
286. 11:04 to climate change.
287. 11:06 So there's a huge injustice
288. 11:07 and we wondered
289. 11:07 how can we amplify those voices
290. 11:09 using visual testimonies,
291. 11:11 multimedia actions,
292. 11:14 awareness,
293. 11:15 and even empowerment
294. 11:16 as we're going to see here.
295. 11:18 So we've been traveling
296. 11:19 in many places.
297. 11:20 This is in Papua New Guinea.
298. 11:22 You see a photo before that.
299. 11:24 It's not here.
300. 11:24 It's not the same village.
301. 11:25 It's this low village.
302. 11:26 This man, Ponsage,
303. 11:27 is actually posing in front
304. 11:29 of his devastated garden.
305. 11:31 His crops,
306. 11:32 where we have all the food over there,
307. 11:34 has been destroyed
308. 11:35 by what they call a king tide,
309. 11:37 which is like a huge tide
310. 11:39 which comes under different
311. 11:41 explication on scientific.
312. 11:43 But it came here
313. 11:44 and destroyed all the food supply.
314. 11:47 Here we are in Ethiopia
315. 11:48 and when you see this piercing look
316. 11:51 of Chagre Chano,
317. 11:52 a very wise man,
318. 11:53 a very strong guy,
319. 11:54 he was wondering
320. 11:57 why he couldn't use anymore
321. 11:59 his ancestral calendar
322. 12:01 to plant their insect,
323. 12:03 which is a traditional plant
324. 12:04 over there,
325. 12:05 which is also contributing
326. 12:06 lots of their dyers.
327. 12:08 Why?
328. 12:09 Because they were facing
329. 12:10 huge erratic changes
330. 12:12 of rain patterns.
331. 12:16 They didn't know when to plant.
332. 12:17 It was destroyed
333. 12:18 because a huge rain
334. 12:19 was coming after.
335. 12:20 Here we are in the Himalayas.
336. 12:23 That's the consequences.
337. 12:25 It's known here also in Peru,
338. 12:27 which is the melting of the glacier
339. 12:28 and the water consequences
340. 12:30 that come afterwards.
341. 12:33 Those are the Zanscari people
342. 12:35 in the new generation.
343. 12:36 They don't know where to live.
344. 12:37 They are forced to leave
345. 12:38 their own habitat,
346. 12:40 their own village.
347. 12:41 In a way,
348. 12:42 they are like climate refugees.
349. 12:44 So this took shape
350. 12:46 of a big multimedia exhibition.
351. 12:49 We launched it
352. 12:50 at a very symbolic moment,
353. 12:51 which was in the COP 15.
354. 12:53 In Copenhagen,
355. 12:54 maybe some of you remember
356. 12:55 this huge climate discussion
357. 12:58 that was in Copenhagen
358. 13:00 in 2009,
359. 13:01 late 2009.
360. 13:02 So we were here
361. 13:03 placing the voices
362. 13:04 of indigenous people
363. 13:05 right into the spot
364. 13:06 where the decision-makers
365. 13:07 were having discussions.
366. 13:09 So that was the first time.
367. 13:10 Very important milestones for us.
368. 13:12 And on the right side,
369. 13:14 this is the last poster
370. 13:16 that we did a show in Peru
371. 13:18 at the beginning of this year.
372. 13:21 And this is, in fact,
373. 13:22 a photo of Carhuas,
374. 13:25 nearby Carhuas,
375. 13:26 in Ancash region,
376. 13:27 where there is a problem
377. 13:27 with the glacier over there.
378. 13:29 So again, here,
379. 13:31 we tried to put people
380. 13:33 into the mode of conversations
381. 13:34 with the stories themselves
382. 13:36 and hear the voice
383. 13:37 directly from the people.
384. 13:38 Here, one kid pressing a button
385. 13:41 and hear the voice of Sarah James
386. 13:43 from reaching communities.
387. 13:45 The video part is fundamental.
388. 13:48 All the videos,
389. 13:50 about 30 different videos,
390. 13:52 they were made
391. 13:52 participatory,
392. 13:53 which means made
393. 13:54 by the communities themselves.
394. 13:57 They are getting empowered
395. 13:58 to use camera videos
396. 13:59 and they actually tell the story
397. 14:01 with their own eyes.
398. 14:02 So we set up a lot
399. 14:03 of different video stations
400. 14:05 in the multimedia exhibitions,
401. 14:07 but also participated
402. 14:09 to international screenings,
403. 14:11 festival of films
404. 14:13 and these kind of things
405. 14:14 to spread the word.
406. 14:16 Of course,
407. 14:17 the importance of new technology
408. 14:19 is there and help
409. 14:22 to spread the message.
410. 14:23 This was the first time
411. 14:24 some kind of connected touchscreen
412. 14:26 that we put in some of the exhibits.
413. 14:28 People then could access
414. 14:30 all the medias
415. 14:31 into the web platform,
416. 14:34 Conversation Earth,
417. 14:35 and also social media as well
418. 14:38 to spread the word
419. 14:39 with their friends.
420. 14:41 A very strong impact,
421. 14:43 how can we support
422. 14:46 the indigenous people themselves
423. 14:47 to tell their stories?
424. 14:49 So we let them use
425. 14:52 all the material
426. 14:53 in front of an audience.
427. 14:54 We are here
428. 14:55 in the Smithsonian Museum,
429. 14:57 the National Museum
430. 14:58 of American Indians,
431. 14:59 and also very symbolic
432. 15:01 because it's in front
433. 15:02 of the Capitol in Washington.
434. 15:04 And you see Rick Zinn
435. 15:06 using the photos
436. 15:08 to tell his story
437. 15:09 about what's going on
438. 15:11 in his community
439. 15:12 in terms of climate change.
440. 15:14 We wanted to go beyond
441. 15:16 those initiatives
442. 15:16 and created a very short
443. 15:19 and mobile exhibit
444. 15:20 that you can put it
445. 15:21 into a tube and ship
446. 15:23 in every places
447. 15:24 where it's needed.
448. 15:25 So that's what we've done.
449. 15:27 You see here
450. 15:28 a sample of the Arctic story
451. 15:29 and it can actually
452. 15:31 fall into one tube.
453. 15:33 This has been translated
454. 15:34 in more than eight languages
455. 15:35 and we've been using them
456. 15:37 in many different settings.
457. 15:39 Here we're in Papua New Guinea
458. 15:40 in a market
459. 15:42 and we placed this exhibit
460. 15:45 for the local people
461. 15:46 not only to see their story
462. 15:47 part of the overall network,
463. 15:49 but also to learn
464. 15:50 from the other
465. 15:52 story from the other communities.
466. 15:55 And last but not least,
467. 15:57 it's very important,
468. 15:58 the education part,
469. 15:59 empowerment of the people,
470. 16:01 but also the kids
471. 16:03 who are the future generations.
472. 16:05 That's some of the sample
473. 16:06 of the trainings
474. 16:07 and workshops
475. 16:07 and curriculum
476. 16:09 that has been designed
477. 16:10 around this visual
478. 16:12 and exhibitions.
479. 16:13 You see kids writing letters
480. 16:15 directly to indigenous leaders
481. 16:18 to create a bounding
482. 16:19 and bridge
483. 16:20 and on the right hand side
484. 16:21 there's a big board
485. 16:22 where kids could place
486. 16:24 what are their future actions.
487. 16:26 And here you can see
488. 16:28 I commit myself
489. 16:33 to take care of water
490. 16:35 in my life.
491. 16:37 So this is this kind
492. 16:38 of initiative
493. 16:38 who are bringing
494. 16:40 the voice of indigenous people
495. 16:41 to the head
496. 16:43 of the new generation
497. 16:44 which is very important
498. 16:45 because they're going
499. 16:46 to vote ultimately
500. 16:47 to make all those changes
501. 16:48 that we are not
502. 16:50 going to have
503. 16:50 that we are not able
504. 16:50 to do today
505. 16:51 ourselves as adults.
506. 16:52 I wanted to finish
507. 16:54 with this nice photo
508. 16:55 of Sarah James
509. 16:56 who is in the Smithsonian Museum
510. 17:01 talking about what's going on
511. 17:03 in her communities.
512. 17:05 And to conclude,
513. 17:06 there is this nice quote
514. 17:08 from Bono,
515. 17:10 this YouTube rock band
516. 17:12 that many of you
517. 17:14 probably love as I do.
518. 17:16 He said once,
519. 17:17 music can change the world
520. 17:19 because it can change people
521. 17:20 but I'm pretty sure
522. 17:21 if you change music
523. 17:22 by pictures
524. 17:23 it also works.
525. 17:24 Thank you very much.

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